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Kazakh alphabet

Xeo-Voice is a freeware program for speech synthesis and music vocalizing with function of record sound to the file. Kazakh language (cyrillic alphabet 1940) is supported.

By default the stress falls to the last syllable of the word, else add the backquote after the stressed vowel, for example: alma = apple, a`lma = do not take.

See the texts in kazakh language (cyrillic alphabet 1940) at kazakhtili.kz, kk.wikipedia.org, etc.

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For the text input through keyboard the program Xeo-Voice 1.x uses two standard layots: english and english-russian. On the base of UTF-8 table for kazakh language the special alphabet was created.

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KAZAKH ALPHABET 2013 for Xeo-Voice 1.x

Author: Ronald Sp4rk
E-mail: sp4rk@myway.com
Site: http://sp4rk.qc.to/xeo-voice/kaz/doc/
Created (v1.1): 14.11.2013
Edited (v1.2): 01.02.2014
Edited (v1.3): 02.05.2014
Edited (v1.4): 27.07.2014
Edited (v1.5): 31.10.2014

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Kazakh alphabet 2013 contains the symbols which are necessary for the correct recording, reading and a pronunciation of texts in kazakh language. 4 encodings are supported.

The encoding cyr-2013 is completely based on cyrillic alphabet, the encoding lat-2013 - on latin alphabet. In the encoding eng-rus-2013 (english-russian layot), instead of cyrillic symbols, which are not present in russian alphabet, letters from english alphabet are taken. In the encoding eng-2013 (english layot) all symbols are replaced with english letters and their combinations.

All encodings 2013 are completely convertible among themselves. It is possible to enter symbols in english or english-russian layot and then to encode the text into cyrillic or latin alphabet, and on the contrary.

Letters Ё ё, И и, Ю ю, Я я were liquidated. Instead of them combinations of letter Й й and a corresponding vowel by phonetic transcription are used. The writing of 4 old letters are changed: Е е on Ě ě, I i on Ӥ ӥ, У у on Ў ў, Ұ ұ on Ӹ ӹ. 1 letters is added: new У у. Read more in the notes below.

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cyr-1940      ipa    cyr-2013      eng-rus-2013  lat-2013      eng-2013
cyrillic      ipa    cyrillic      eng.-rus.     latin         eng.

А а       01. a~ɑ    А а           А а           A a           A a
Ә ә       02. æ      Ә ә           Я я           Ä ä           A'/Ah a'/ah [8]
Б б       03. b      Б б           Б б           B b           B b
В в       04. v      В в           В в           V v           V v
Г г       05. g      Г г           Г г           G g           G g
Ғ ғ       06. ɣ~ʁ    Ғ ғ           G g           Ğ ğ           Gh gh
Д д       07. d      Д д           Д д           D d           D d
Е е       08. e      Ě ě [5]       Е е           E e           E e
Ё ё                  Йо/Йө йо/йө   Йо/Йё йо/йё   Yo/Yö yo/yö   Yo/yo' yo/yo'
Ж ж       09. ʒ      Ж ж           Ж ж           Ž ž           Zh zh
З з       10. z      З з           З з           Z z           Z z
I i       11. i      Ӥ ӥ [4]       И и           I i           I i
Й й       12. j      Й й           Й й           Y y           Y y
И и                  Ӥй/Ый ӥй/ый   Ий/ый ий/ый   Iy/Ǐy iy/ǐy   Iy/I'y iy/i'y [8]
К к       13. k      К к           К к           K k           K k
Қ қ       14. q      Қ қ           Q q           Q q           Q q
Л л       15. l      Л л           Л л           L l           L l
М м       16. m      М м           М м           M m           M m
Н н       17. n      Н н           Н н           N n           N n
Ң ң       18. ŋ      Ң ң           N n           Ň ň           Nh nh
О о       19. o~ɔ    О о           О о           O o           O o
Ө ө       20. ø      Ө ө           Ё ё           Ö ö           O'/Oh o'/oh [8]
П п       21. p      П п           П п           P p           P p
Р р       22. r~ɾ    Р р           Р р           R r           R r
С с       23. s      С с           С с           S s           S s
Т т       24. t      Т т           Т т           T t           T t
          25. u      У у [2]       У у           U u           U u
Ү ү       26. y      Ү ү           Ю ю           Ü ü           U'/Uh u'/uh [8]
У у       27. w      Ў ў [1]       W w           W w           W w
Ф ф       28. f      Ф ф           Ф ф           F f           F f
Х х       29. x      Х х           Х х           Ȟ ȟ           Kh kh
Һ һ       30. h      Һ һ           Y h [7]       H h           X x
Ц ц       31. ts     Ц ц           Ц ц           C c           C c
Ч ч       32. tɕ     Ч ч           Ч ч           Ç ç           Ch ch
Ш ш       33. ʃ      Ш ш           Ш ш           Š š           Sh sh
Щ щ       34. ɕ      Щ щ           Щ щ           Ş ş           Xh xh
Ъ ъ       35. ʔ      Ъ ъ [6]       Ъ ъ           ^ ^           ^ ^
Ы ы       36. ɯ~ɨ    Ы ы           Ы ы           Ǐ ǐ ı [9]     I'/Ih i'/ih [8]
Ұ ұ       37. ɤ      Ӹ ӹ [3]       I i           Ÿ ÿ           Y'/Yh y'/yh [8]
Ь ь       38. ʲ      Ь ь           Ь ь           ' '           ' '
Э э       39. ɛ      Э э           Э э           Ě ě           E'/Eh e'/eh [8]
Ю ю                  Йу/Йү йу/йү   Йу/Йю йу/йю   Yu/Yü yu/yü   Yu/yu' yu/yu'
Я я                  Йа/Йә йа/йә   Йа/Йя йа/йя   Ya/Yä ya/yä   Ya/ya' ya/ya'

Remark: Also it is supported the encoding arab-2013. See the table with arabic alphabet in Menu -- Help -- Manual,
or at the site: http://sp4rk.qc.to/xeo-voice/inter/doc/
It is need to appreciate that the case of letters is lost in encoding into arabic alphabet.

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Notes:
[1] The writing of old kazakh letter У у was changed on Ў ў.
[2] The new letter У у as an russian letter У у was added.
[3] The writing of old kazakh letter Ұ ұ was changed on Ӹ ӹ.
[4] The writing of old kazakh letter I i was changed on Ӥ ӥ.
[5] The writing of old kazakh letter Е е was changed on Ě ě. The letter Ě ě is used only as a vowel, not as a digraph.
[6] The kazakh letter Ъ ъ is used only as an arabian or russian hamza (a short pause).

[7] In the encoding eng-rus-2013 upper-case leter H (h) is occupied with cyrillic Н (н), that's why, instead of latin H, letter Y was taken.
[8] In the encoding eng-2013 the vowels A' a', O' o', U' u', I' i', Y' y', E' e' are possible to be written as Ah ah, Oh oh, Uh uh, Ih ih, Yh yh, Eh eh accordingly. The such writing is used before vowels and in words with the specified stresses.
[9] In the encoding lat-2013 it is allowed to write ı instead of ǐ, but it is prohibited to write I instead of Ǐ.

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There is no russian letters е, ё, и, ю, я in kazakh alphabet 2013, but it is possible to write russian names, surnames and other words with palatalisation (softness). Soft sign is used in the encodings eng-rus-2013 and eng-2013 for this. Instead of е it is written the digraph ье ('e), instead of ё - ьо ('o), instead of и - ьи ('i), instead of ю - ьу ('u), instead of я - ьа ('a). It is need to keep in mind, that there is no front-side letters in russian alphabet, that's why, to exclude the front-side consonants, before vowels е (e), и (i) it is need to write the soft sign. Examples:

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                cyr-2013      eng-rus-2013  lat-2013      eng-2013
Артём           Артём         Артьом        Artôm         Art'om
Вася            Вася          Васьа         Vasâ          Vas'a
Татьяна         Татьйана      Татьйана      Tat'yana      Tat'yana
Степан          Степан        Стьепан       Stêpan        St'epan
Рюрик           Рюрик         Рьурьик       Rûrîk         R'ur'ik
...
гель для волос  сәс гелӭ      сяс гьельi    säs gêlŷ      sa's g'el'y'

Remark: In the encodings cyr-2013 and lat-2013 is supported an automatical replacing of combination of letters ьě ('e) on е (ê), ьо ('o) on ё (ô), ьӥ ('i) on и (î), ьӹ ('y') on ӭ (ŷ), ьу ('u) on ю (û), ьа ('a) on я (â). The symbols Е е (Ê ê), Ё ё (Ô ô), И и (Î î), Ӭ ӭ (Ŷ ŷ), Ю ю (Û û), Я я (Â â) are the digraphs, are absent in the encodings eng-2013 and eng-rus-2013, are executed exclusively a decorative function, are not considered as the independent letters, are used only for palatalisation (softness), not for yotisation.

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3 speech style are supported: russian, english and french. In english style the alveolar [r] is automatically changed on the approximant [ɹ], the alveolar [l] is changed on the velar [ʟ], the dental [t], [d] and [n] are changed on the alveolar [t], [d] and [n] accordingly. In french style [r] is changed on the uvular [ʀ].

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Example of the reencoding of text

cyr-1940: Қазақ тілі — Қазақстан Республикасының мемлекеттік тілі, сонымен қатар Ресей, Өзбекстан, Қытай, Моңғолия жəне т.б. елдерде тұратын қазақтардың ана тілі. Қазақ тілі түркі тілдерінің қыпшақ тобына, соның ішінде қарақалпақ, ноғай, қарашай тілдерімен бірге қыпшақ-ноғай тармағына жатады. Сонымен қатар қырғыз, татар, башқұрт, қарашай-балқар, құмық, қарайым, қырымлы (қырым-татар) тілдеріне жақын. Кейбір ғалымдардың пікірінше қазақ тілі 3 диалектіге бөлінеді: нағыз қазақ, ноғай, қарақалпақ.

cyr-2013: Қазақ тӥлӥ - Қазақстан Рěспублӥкасының мěмлěкěттӥк тӥлӥ, сонымěн қатар Рěсěй, Өзбěкстан, Қытай, Моңғолӥйә жәнě т.б. ěлдěрдě тӹратын қазақтардың ана тӥлӥ. Қазақ тӥлӥ түркӥ тӥлдěрӥнӥң қыпшақ тобына, соның ӥшӥндě қарақалпақ, ноғай, қарашай тӥлдěрӥмěн бӥргě қыпшақ-ноғай тармағына жатады. Сонымěн қатар қырғыз, татар, башқӹрт, қарашай-балқар, қӹмық, қарайым, қырымлы (қырым-татар) тӥлдěрӥнě жақын. Кěйбӥр ғалымдардың пӥкӥрӥншě қазақ тӥлӥ 3 дӥалěктӥгě бөлӥнěдӥ: нағыз қазақ, ноғай, қарақалпақ.

eng-2013: Qazaq tili - Qazaqstan Respublikasi'ni'nh memlekettik tili, soni'men qatar Resey, O'zbekstan, Qi'tay, Monhgholiya' zha'ne t.b. elderde ty'rati'n qazaqtardi'nh ana tili. Qazaq tili tu'rki tilderininh qi'pshaq tobi'na, soni'nh ishinde qaraqalpaq, noghay, qarashay tilderimen birge qi'pshaq-noghay tarmaghi'na zhatadi'. Soni'men qatar qi'rghi'z, tatar, bashqy'rt, qarashay-balqar, qy'mi'q, qarayi'm, qi'ri'mli' (qi'ri'm-tatar) tilderine zhaqi'n. Keybir ghali'mdardi'nh pikirinshe qazaq tili 3 dialektige bo'linedi: naghi'z qazaq, noghay, qaraqalpaq.

lat-2013: Qazaq tili - Qazaqstan Respublikasınıň memlekettik tili, sonımen qatar Resey, Özbekstan, Qıtay, Moňğoliyä žäne t.b. elderde tÿratın qazaqtardıň ana tili. Qazaq tili türki tilderiniň qıpšaq tobına, sonıň išinde qaraqalpaq, noğay, qarašay tilderimen birge qıpšaq-noğay tarmağına žatadı. Sonımen qatar qırğız, tatar, bašqÿrt, qarašay-balqar, qÿmıq, qarayım, qırımlı (qırım-tatar) tilderine žaqın. Keybir ğalımdardıň pikirinše qazaq tili 3 dialektige bölinedi: nağız qazaq, noğay, qaraqalpaq.

arab-2013: قازاق تێلێ - قازاقستان رۏسپۇبلێكاسئنئڭ مۏملۏكۏتتێك تێلێ, سۆنئمۏن قاتار رۏسۏي, ۉزبۏكستان, قئتاي, مۆڭغۆلێيأ ژأنۏ ت.ب. ۏلدۏردۏ تېراتئن قازاقتاردئڭ انا تێلێ. قازاق تێلێ تۈركێ تێلدۏرێنێڭ قئپشاق تۆبئنا, سۆنئڭ ێشێندۏ قاراقالپاق, نۆغاي, قاراشاي تێلدۏرێمۏن بێرگۏ قئپشاق-نۆغاي تارماغئنا ژاتادئ. سۆنئمۏن قاتار قئرغئز, تاتار, باشقېرت, قاراشاي-بالقار, قېمئق, قارايئم, قئرئملئ (قئرئم-تاتار) تێلدۏرێنۏ ژاقئن. كۏيبێر غالئمداردئڭ پێكێرێنشۏ قازاق تێلێ 3 دێالۏكتێگۏ بۉلێنۏدێ: ناغئز قازاق, نۆغاي, قاراقالپاق.


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