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Turkish alphabet

Xeo-Voice is a freeware program for speech synthesis and music vocalizing with function of record sound to the file. Turkish language (latin alphabet 1928) is supported.

By default the stress falls to the last syllable of the word, else add the backquote after the stressed vowel, for example: alma = apple, a`lma = do not take.

See the texts in turkish language (latin alphabet 1928) at tdk.org.tr, tr.wikipedia.org, etc.

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For the text input through keyboard the program Xeo-Voice 1.x uses two standard layots: english and english-russian. On the base of UTF-8 table for turkish language the special alphabet was created.

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TURKISH ALPHABET 2013 for Xeo-Voice 1.x

Author: Ronald Sp4rk
E-mail: sp4rk@myway.com
Site: http://sp4rk.qc.to/xeo-voice/tur/doc/
Created (v1.1): 26.11.2013
Edited (v1.2): 01.02.2014
Edited (v1.3): 02.05.2014
Edited (v1.4): 27.07.2014
Edited (v1.5): 31.10.2014

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Turkish alphabet 2013 contains the symbols which are necessary for the correct recording, reading and a pronunciation of texts in turkish language. 4 encodings are supported.

The encoding cyr-2013 is completely based on cyrillic alphabet, the encoding lat-2013 - on latin alphabet. In the encoding eng-rus-2013 (english-russian layot), instead of cyrillic symbols, which are not present in russian alphabet, letters from english alphabet are taken. In the encoding eng-2013 (english layot) all symbols are replaced with english letters and their combinations.

All encodings 2013 are completely convertible among themselves. It is possible to enter symbols in english or english-russian layot and then to encode the text into cyrillic or latin alphabet, and on the contrary.

The writing of 6 old letters are changed: J j on Ž ž, C c on J j, İ i on I i, I ı on Ǐ ǐ, Ç ç on Č č, Ş ş on Š š. 9 letters are added: Ä ä, W w, Ȟ ȟ, Ě ě, ^, ' and new C c, Ç ç, Ş ş. 2 symbols are added: Ê ê, Ô ô. Read more in the notes below.

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lat-1928      ipa    cyr-2013      eng-rus-2013  lat-2013      eng-2013
latin         ipa    cyrillic      eng.-rus.     latin         eng.

A a       01. a~ɑ    А а           А а           A a           A a
          02. æ      Ә ә           Я я           Ä ä [2]       A'/Ah a'/ah [17]
B b       03. b      Б б           Б б           B b           B b
V v       04. v      В в           В в           V v           V v
G g       05. g      Г г           Г г           G g           G g
Ğ ğ       06. ɣ~ʁ    Ғ ғ           G g           Ğ ğ           Gh gh
D d       07. d      Д д           Д д           D d           D d
              ʲe     Е е           ЬЕ ье         Ê ê [13]      'E 'e
E e       08. e      Ě ě           Е е           E e           E e
              ʲo     Ё ё           ЬО ьо         Ô ô [14]      'O 'o
J j       09. ʒ      Ж ж           Ж ж           Ž ž [7]       Zh zh
C c       10. dʑ     Ӝ ӝ           J j           J j [8]       J j
Z z       11. z      З з           З з           Z z           Z z
Π         ʲi     И и           ЬИ ьи         Î î           'I 'i
İ i       12. i      Ӥ ӥ           И и           I i [11]      I i
Y y       13. j      Й й           Й й           Y y           Y y
K k       14. k      К к           К к           K k           K k
L l       15. l      Л л           Л л           L l           L l
M m       16. m      М м           М м           M m           M m
N n       17. n      Н н           Н н           N n           N n
O o       18. o~ɔ    О о           О о           O o           O o
Ö ö       19. ø      Ө ө           Ё ё           Ö ö           O'/Oh o'/oh [17]
P p       20. p      П п           П п           P p           P p
R r       21. r~ɾ    Р р           Р р           R r           R r
S s       22. s      С с           С с           S s           S s
T t       23. t      Т т           Т т           T t           T t
U u       24. u      У у           У у           U u           U u
Ü ü       25. y      Ү ү           Ю ю           Ü ü           U'/Uh u'/uh [17]
          26. w      Ў ў           W w           W w [1]       W w
F f       27. f      Ф ф           Ф ф           F f           F f
          28. x      Х х           Х х           Ȟ ȟ [3]       Kh kh
H h       29. h      Һ һ           Y h [15]      H h           X x
          30. ts     Ц ц           Ц ц           C c           C c
          31. tɕ     Ч ч           Ч ч           Ç ç           Ch ch
Ç ç       32. tʃ     Ӵ ӵ           L t [16]      Č č [9]       Ph ph
Ş ş       33. ʃ      Ш ш           Ш ш           Š š [10]      Sh sh
          34. ɕ      Щ щ           Щ щ           Ş ş           Xh xh
          35. ʔ      Ъ ъ           Ъ ъ           ^ ^ [6]       ^ ^
I ı       36. ɯ~ɨ    Ы ы           Ы ы           Ǐ ǐ ı [12]    I'/Ih i'/ih [17]
          37. ʲ      Ь ь           Ь ь           ' ' [5]       ' '
          38. ɛ      Э э           Э э           Ě ě [4]       E'/Eh e'/eh [17]
Û û           ʲu     Ю ю           ЬУ ьу         Û û           'U 'u
 ⠠         ʲa     Я я           ЬА ьа         Â â           'A 'a

Remark: Also it is supported the encoding arab-2013. See the table with arabic alphabet in Menu -- Help -- Manual,
or at the site: http://sp4rk.qc.to/xeo-voice/inter/doc/
It is need to appreciate that the case of letters is lost in encoding into arabic alphabet.

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Notes:
[1] The new letter W w as an english letter W w was added. It is a nonsyllabic.
[2] The new letter Ä ä as an english mAp was added.
[3] The new letter Ȟ ȟ as an russian letter Х х was added.
[4] The new letter Ě ě as an russian letter Э э was added.
[5] The new letter ' as an russian soft sign Ь ь was added.
[6] The new letter ^ as an arabian or russian hamza (a short pause) was added.
[7] The writing of old turkish letter J j was changed on Ž ž.
[8] The writing of old turkish letter C c is changed on J j. On its place the new letter C c as a russian letter Ц ц was added.
[9] The writing of old turkish letter Ç ç is changed on Č č. On its place the new letter Ç ç as a russian letter Ч ч was added.
[10] The writing of old turkish letter Ş ş is changed on Š š. On its place the new letter Ş ş as a russian letter Щ щ was added.
[11] The writing of old turkish letter İ i was changed on I i.
[12] The writing of old turkish letter I ı was changed on Ǐ ǐ. It is allowed to write ı instead of ǐ, but it is prohibited to write I instead of Ǐ.

[13] The new symbol Ê ê as an palatal (soft) non-yotisated russian letter Е е was added.
[14] The new symbol Ô ô as an palatal (soft) non-yotisated russian letter Ё ё was added.

[15] In the encoding eng-rus-2013 upper-case leter H (h) is occupied with cyrillic Н (н), that's why, instead of latin H, letter Y was taken.
[16] In the encoding eng-rus-2013 upper-case leter T (t) is occupied with cyrillic Т (т), that's why, instead of latin T, letter L was taken.
[17] In the encoding eng-2013 the vowels A' a', O' o', U' u', I' i', E' e' are possible to be written as Ah ah, Oh oh, Uh uh, Ih ih, Eh eh accordingly. The such writing is used before vowels and in words with the specified stresses.

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In turkish alphabet 2013 the soft sign is used in the encodings eng-2013 and eng-rus-2013 to write the words with palatalisation (softness). Instead of â it is written the digraph 'a (ьа), instead of ê - 'e (ье), instead of î - 'i (ьи), instead of ô - 'o (ьо), instead of û - 'u (ьу). Examples:

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              cyr-2013      eng-rus-2013  lat-2013      eng-2013
İsyankâr      Ӥсйанкяр      Исйанкьар     Isyankâr      Isyank'ar
Ulûm          Улюм          Ульум         Ulûm          Ul'um
Resmî         Рěсми         Ресмьи        Resmî         Resm'i

Remark: In the encodings lat-2013 and cyr-2013 is supported an automatical replacing of combination of letters 'a (ьа) on â (я), 'e (ьě) on ê (е), 'i (ьӥ) on î (и), 'o (ьо) on ô (ё), 'u (ьу) on û (ю). The symbols  â (Я я), Ê ê (Е е), Î î (И и), Ô ô (Ё ё), Û û (Ю ю) are the digraphs, are absent in the encodings eng-2013 and eng-rus-2013, are executed exclusively a decorative function, are not considered as the independent letters, are used only for palatalisation (softness), not for yotisation.

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3 speech style are supported: russian, english and french. In english style the alveolar [r] is automatically changed on the approximant [ɹ], the alveolar [l] is changed on the velar [ʟ], the dental [t], [d] and [n] are changed on the alveolar [t], [d] and [n] accordingly. In french style [r] is changed on the uvular [ʀ].

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Example of the reencoding of text

lat-1928: Türkçe veya Türkiye Türkçesi, batıda Balkanlar’dan doğuda Hazar Denizi sahasına kadar konuşulan Altay dillerinden biridir. Yaşı, en eski hesaplara göre 8500 olan Türkçe bugün, yaşayan Dünya dilleri arasında, en eski yazılı belgelere sahip olan dildir. Bu belgeler, çivi yazılı Sümerce tabletlerdeki alıntı kelimelerdir. Türk yazı dilleri içinde Oğuz sahası yazı dillerinden Osmanlı Türkçesinin devamını oluşturur. Başta Türkiye olmak üzere, eski Osmanlı İmparatorluğu coğrafyasında konuşulan Türkçe, dünyada en fazla konuşulan 15 dildir. Türkçe sondan eklemeli bir dildir. Bundan ötürü, kullanılan herhangi bir eylem üzerinden istenildiği kadar sözcük türetilebilir. Türkiye Türkçesi bu yönünden dolayı diğer Türk dilleriyle ortak ya da ayrık bulunan onlarca eke sahiptir. Türkçe çok geniş kullanımıyla birlikte zengin bir dil olmasının yanı sıra, genel itibarıyla “özne-nesne-yüklem” biçimindeki cümle kuruluşuna sahiptir.

cyr-2013: Түркӵě вěйа Түркӥйě Түркӵěсӥ, батыда Балканлар-дан доғуда Һазар Дěнӥзӥ саһасына кадар конушулан Алтай дӥллěрӥндěн бӥрӥдӥр. Йашы, ěн ěскӥ һěсаплара гөрě 8500 олан Түркӵě бугүн, йашайан Дүнйа дӥллěрӥ арасында, ěн ěскӥ йазылы бěлгěлěрě саһӥп олан дӥлдӥр. Бу бěлгěлěр, ӵӥвӥ йазылы Сүмěрӝě таблěтлěрдěкӥ алынты кěлӥмěлěрдӥр. Түрк йазы дӥллěрӥ ӥӵӥндě Оғуз саһасы йазы дӥллěрӥндěн Османлы Түркӵěсӥнӥн дěвамыны олуштурур. Башта Түркӥйě олмак үзěрě, ěскӥ Османлы Ӥмпараторлуғу ӝоғрафйасында конушулан Түркӵě, дүнйада ěн фазла конушулан 15 дӥлдӥр. Түркӵě сондан ěклěмěлӥ бӥр дӥлдӥр. Бундан өтүрү, кулланылан һěрһангӥ бӥр ěйлěм үзěрӥндěн ӥстěнӥлдӥғӥ кадар сөзӝүк түрěтӥлěбӥлӥр. Түркӥйě Түркӵěсӥ бу йөнүндěн долайы дӥғěр Түрк дӥллěрӥйлě ортак йа да айрык булунан онларӝа ěкě саһӥптӥр. Түркӵě ӵок гěнӥш кулланымыйла бӥрлӥктě зěнгӥн бӥр дӥл олмасынын йаны сыра, гěнěл ӥтӥбарыйла "өзнě-нěснě-йүклěм" бӥӵӥмӥндěкӥ ӝүмлě курулушуна саһӥптӥр.

eng-2013: Tu'rkphe veya Tu'rkiye Tu'rkphesi, bati'da Balkanlar-dan doghuda Xazar Denizi saxasi'na kadar konushulan Altay dillerinden biridir. Yashi', en eski xesaplara go're 8500 olan Tu'rkphe bugu'n, yashayan Du'nya dilleri arasi'nda, en eski yazi'li' belgelere saxip olan dildir. Bu belgeler, phivi yazi'li' Su'merje tabletlerdeki ali'nti' kelimelerdir. Tu'rk yazi' dilleri iphinde Oghuz saxasi' yazi' dillerinden Osmanli' Tu'rkphesinin devami'ni' olushturur. Bashta Tu'rkiye olmak u'zere, eski Osmanli' Imparatorlughu joghrafyasi'nda konushulan Tu'rkphe, du'nyada en fazla konushulan 15 dildir. Tu'rkphe sondan eklemeli bir dildir. Bundan o'tu'ru', kullani'lan xerxangi bir eylem u'zerinden istenildighi kadar so'zju'k tu'retilebilir. Tu'rkiye Tu'rkphesi bu yo'nu'nden dolayi' digher Tu'rk dilleriyle ortak ya da ayri'k bulunan onlarja eke saxiptir. Tu'rkphe phok genish kullani'mi'yla birlikte zengin bir dil olmasi'ni'n yani' si'ra, genel itibari'yla "o'zne-nesne-yu'klem" biphimindeki ju'mle kurulushuna saxiptir.

lat-2013: Türkče veya Türkiye Türkčesi, batıda Balkanlar-dan doğuda Hazar Denizi sahasına kadar konušulan Altay dillerinden biridir. Yašı, en eski hesaplara göre 8500 olan Türkče bugün, yašayan Dünya dilleri arasında, en eski yazılı belgelere sahip olan dildir. Bu belgeler, čivi yazılı Sümerje tabletlerdeki alıntı kelimelerdir. Türk yazı dilleri ičinde Oğuz sahası yazı dillerinden Osmanlı Türkčesinin devamını olušturur. Bašta Türkiye olmak üzere, eski Osmanlı Imparatorluğu joğrafyasında konušulan Türkče, dünyada en fazla konušulan 15 dildir. Türkče sondan eklemeli bir dildir. Bundan ötürü, kullanılan herhangi bir eylem üzerinden istenildiği kadar sözjük türetilebilir. Türkiye Türkčesi bu yönünden dolayı diğer Türk dilleriyle ortak ya da ayrık bulunan onlarja eke sahiptir. Türkče čok geniš kullanımıyla birlikte zengin bir dil olmasının yanı sıra, genel itibarıyla "özne-nesne-yüklem" bičimindeki jümle kurulušuna sahiptir.

arab-2013: تۈركڿۏ ۋۏيا تۈركێيۏ تۈركڿۏسێ, باتئدا بالكانلار-دان دۆغۇدا هازار دۏنێزێ ساهاسئنا كادار كۆنۇشۇلان التاي دێللۏرێندۏن بێرێدێر. ياشئ, ۏن ۏسكێ هۏساپلارا گۉرۏ 8500 ۆلان تۈركڿۏ بۇگۈن, ياشايان دۈنيا دێللۏرێ اراسئندا, ۏن ۏسكێ يازئلئ بۏلگۏلۏرۏ ساهێپ ۆلان دێلدێر. بۇ بۏلگۏلۏر, ڿێۋێ يازئلئ سۈمۏرجۏ تابلۏتلۏردۏكێ الئنتئ كۏلێمۏلۏردێر. تۈرك يازئ دێللۏرێ ێڿێندۏ ۆغۇز ساهاسئ يازئ دێللۏرێندۏن ۆسمانلئ تۈركڿۏسێنێن دۏۋامئنئ ۆلۇشتۇرۇر. باشتا تۈركێيۏ ۆلماك ۈزۏرۏ, ۏسكێ ۆسمانلئ ێمپاراتۆرلۇغۇ جۆغرافياسئندا كۆنۇشۇلان تۈركڿۏ, دۈنيادا ۏن فازلا كۆنۇشۇلان 15 دێلدێر. تۈركڿۏ سۆندان ۏكلۏمۏلێ بێر دێلدێر. بۇندان ۉتۈرۈ, كۇللانئلان هۏرهانگێ بێر ۏيلۏم ۈزۏرێندۏن ێستۏنێلدێغێ كادار سۉزجۈك تۈرۏتێلۏبێلێر. تۈركێيۏ تۈركڿۏسێ بۇ يۉنۈندۏن دۆلايئ دێغۏر تۈرك دێللۏرێيلۏ ۆرتاك يا دا ايرئك بۇلۇنان ۆنلارجا ۏكۏ ساهێپتێر. تۈركڿۏ ڿۆك گۏنێش كۇللانئمئيلا بێرلێكتۏ زۏنگێن بێر دێل ۆلماسئنئن يانئ سئرا, گۏنۏل ێتێبارئيلا "ۉزنۏ-نۏسنۏ-يۈكلۏم" بێڿێمێندۏكێ جۈملۏ كۇرۇلۇشۇنا ساهێپتێر.


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